Psychometric Analysis of the European Medical Risk-Related History Questionnaire within Indonesian-Speaking Population.

OBJECTIVES: Medical complications during dental treatment are increasingly anticipated because advances in medical treatment have prolonged life expectancy. Therefore, a thorough analysis of medical history data to assess the medical risks that may occur before, during, and after dental procedures is required. The European Medical Risk-Related History (EMRRH) questionnaire has been used in 10 European countries to detect medical problems and determine the risks of complications. However, no similar questionnaire has been developed for Indonesian patients. This study aimed to develop an Indonesian version of the EMRRH questionnaire and analyze its psychometric properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The EMRRH questionnaire was utilized and processed for cross-cultural adaptation according to the Beaton guidelines. The final version was used after completing all of the steps of cross-cultural adaptation. The psychometric property analysis was performed by measuring the validity, reliability, sensitivity, and specificity of the questionnaire in 172 dental patients using cross-sectional survey at the National Drug Rehabilitation Center. RESULTS: The content validity was first measured by an internist and anesthesiologist, and the coefficient was 0.91. The construct validity assessment revealed significant associations for five of six global questions (P < 0.05). Cronbach's alpha coefficient for internal consistency was 0.790. The test-retest reliability results were excellent based on reevaluation in 17 patients (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.846), including sensitivity and specificity values of 69.31% and 92.2%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The Indonesian version of the EMRRH questionnaire is valid, reliable, sensitive, and specific for this population. Further study to explore its use in larger Indonesian populations is needed.

Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the Science Motivation Questionnaire-II: Indonesian Version

Objective: To evaluate the cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Indonesian version of students' motivation by the Science Motivation Questionnaire-II (SMQ-II). Material and Methods: The questionnaire was completed by fourth-year preclinical/clinical dental students who had taken oral medicine. Five components of motivation were assessed: intrinsic motivation, self-efficacy, self-determination, grade motivation, and career motivation. Intraclass Correlations (ICC) and Cronbach's alpha coefficient were used to measure internal consistency and reliability. Construct validity was analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Results: The response rate was 98.33% (419 eligible students). The ICC of 0.855 for the total score showed excellent reproducibility. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.867 for the total score showed good internal consistency, and the reliability of the scale was 0.923. The partial correlation test showed that the level of lecturers' and facilitators' concern about issues during the oral medicine learning process was not a confounding factor (r=0.619; p<0.001). The construct validity using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient showed that the total SMQ-II score was significantly associated with the motivation to learn oral medicine (r=0.625; p<0.001). The discriminant validity using the Mann-Whitney U-test was significant for intrinsic motivation and self-efficacy to discriminate using the global question, and it was significant for self-determination to discriminate using oral medicine grades. Conclusion: This Indonesian SMQ-II version has been cross culturally adapted and has good validity and reliability.

Areca nut extract demonstrated apoptosis-inducing mechanism by increased caspase-3 activities on oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma is a neoplasm of keratinocyte cells of oral mucosa epithelium that can potentially spread through lymphatic tissue or blood vessel. Although areca nut is one of the plants with a risk of inducing that cancer, areca nut is believed to have high antioxidant properties. Due to the current interest in the apoptosis effects from areca nut for oral cancer treatment, we investigated its ability to induce apoptosis and caspase-3 activity in oral cancer cell lines: HSC-2 and HSC-3. Methods: We examined the effect of areca nut on apoptosis and caspase-3 activity in HSC-2 and HSC-3 cells. Flow cytometry was conducted for the quantification of the cells that were apoptotic and expressing the caspase-3 enzyme for 24 and 48 hours. Results: Areca nut induced a significant increase (p<0.01) in late apoptosis of HSC-2 cells and mostly occurred over 48 hours. The study also found that in HSC-3, there were significant increases (p<0.01) the percentage of cells in early apoptosis after 24 hours and late apoptosis at 48 hours. Caspase-3 activity increased after 24 and 48 hours of areca nut exposure in both cells. Conclusions: The study showed that areca nut could be considered as a potential anticancer agent through its capability in inducing a caspase-dependent apoptosis.

Saliva-Based Screening of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Strains: Detection in Female Indonesian and Thai Dental Students.

BACKGROUND: Currently it is believed that human papillomaviruses (HPV) are associated with the development of some oral/oropharyngeal cancers. It has been suggested that these viruses influence carcinogenesis in both smokers and non-smokers. Data on the prevalence of HPV in healthy adults are thus needed to estimate the risk of oral/oropharyngeal cancer. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of oral HPV in healthy female adults in Indonesia and Thailand. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Healthy female students from the Faculties of Dentistry of Universitas Indonesia and Chiang Mai University were asked to participate in this pilot study. DNA was extracted from saliva specimens and screened for HPV16 and HPV18 using PCR. RESULTS: The age, marital status and sexual experience of the subjects between the two countries were not significantly different. Eight (4%) and 4 (2%) samples were positive for HPV16 and HPV18, respectively. Fisher's Exact test found a significant difference between HPV16 positivity in subjects who were married and had sexual intercourse but not for HPV18. CONCLUSIONS: This study successfully detected presence of HPV16 and HPV18 DNA in a number of saliva samples from female dental school students. Marital status, experience of sexual intercourse and safe sexual practice are related to the possibility of finding HPV DNA finding in saliva. Dentists, physicians and other health care professionals may gain significant value from the findings of this study, which provide an understanding of the nature of HPV infection and its risk to patient health and disease.